The huge decline in fertility rates from an average of 5 children/woman in 1965 to 2 children/woman largely reflects increased progress in childcare to rising survivability of born children.
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The world population increased from 2.5 billion in 1950 to 7.9 billion in 2020. That is an addition of 5.4 billion people in 70 years, or a 216% gain.
For the remainder of this century, or 80 years, the world population will level off at 11 billion. That is an addition of 3.1 billion people, or a 39% gain.
The huge increases in the global population during the past 70 years will never be matched again by increases in the next 80 years.
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As the population ages and the number of people in the workforce declines it will require increased welfare payments for an economy to support the aging population. That will require more taxes and immigration from low-wage countries.
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A snapshot of the evolution in GDP/capita in 500 years. There was no growth for 300 years until the end of royal control. Afterwards industrialization boosted growth for 120 years followed by US dominance for 70 years and ending in 2020 with a financial crisis.
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The global population is aging. After 2017 the growth of people over 65 more than double to number of new children,
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